Reforestation, plot by plot, is starting to show its hand
Five-year survival data from tropical replanting projects is finally arriving. The numbers are mixed, but the patterns are real.
The hardest thing about tropical reforestation is patience. A seedling planted today is a carbon sequestration claim made on behalf of a tree that does not yet exist. Whether the claim holds depends on what happens in years three through eight, when most of the natural mortality plays out, and that's been a black box for most projects until quite recently.
That is starting to change. Several Southeast Asian projects have now hit the five-year mark with public, audited survival data. A pattern reported across multiple registry summaries: projects that planted mixed native species at moderate densities (commonly cited as around 1,000–1,300 stems per hectare) with community-run monitoring tend to report meaningfully higher survival than monoculture stands of fast-growing species planted for quick canopy closure. Individual project audits are where the actual percentages live — registries publish them, and the spread between well-run plots and poorly run ones is wide enough to read off satellite imagery before you read it off the paperwork.
Why it matters for the market
Carbon credits issued under modern voluntary standards now require year-by-year survival reporting, not a one-time baseline. That means a tonne of CO₂ removed by a healthy mixed-species plantation in year six is a measurably different product from a tonne claimed at year one. Prices have begun to reflect that. The cheapest forest credits on the market today — those at single-digit USD per tonne — are almost without exception from projects that have not yet cleared their first audit.
What we look for
For listings on Mampani: published methodology, community-run monitoring contracts of at least five years, and a recent third-party audit. Anything less, and we treat the project as still in the "watch list" phase. Rimba Raya is one of the longer-running projects in this category; we will publish specific listings as the buying flow ships.

